India has long been one of the world’s most protectionist countries, only opening up its economy in the 1990s to avert a financial crisis. In 2023, India’s average tariff (not accounting for trade deals) stood at 17 percent, nearly six times the average U.S. rate, according to the World Trade Organization…
For some economists, the U.S. pressure represents a welcome and overdue catalyst for domestic reform.
“We have to reduce tariffs,” [Shiv Nadar University economics professor Rajat Kathuria] said. “This is an opportunity for India to do something that it always wants to do, and has wanted to do, but is politically difficult to do. ”
The Modi government has signaled it is inching in this direction. In March, the Commerce Ministry urged Indian businesses to shed their “protectionist mindset.”