I get both your points and understand the hassles of compliance first hand having worked in a steel mill all my life. I won't address the local contractor issues that have more to do with competition, and qualifications than regulations. But I can address the regulatory sense behind them as in both your examples it was to upgrade and add efficiency while cutting costs even though the initial out lay may be greater than what one wants.
Just using Toms example which isn't all that extreme, not only does government help fund the research into new technologies and products, but they have many programs through the energy department that have aided start up plants and investment across the country, 4 here in Texas speech, and they have started exporting the technology through out the world.
I think the rub in regulations can be best described as holding on to old science that's really out dated, and inefficient, yet highly profitable, but dangerous, and a reluctance of businesses, both large and small to adjust to the new technologies. The best example I can give is the oil companies not having proper procedures to confine an oil spill, or poisoning an aquifer, from natural gas extraction. Or you do remember the fight over installation of new scrubbing and capture technology for coal fired power plants in our state?
Yes I will agree with Tom, that we will see, and have seen the closing of many smaller businesses that, to be frank, cannot keep up with regulatory changes, it's a hassle just getting an air conditioner for your home upgraded now a days, but if we don't upgrade, the stuff falls apart, right? I can tell you that the price of not doing it is a lot more expensive than doing it NOW.
To your point of losing an exemption and the conflict between a ladder job, and a confined space one, that's more a matter of training, upgrading of skill sets than the regulation themselves. I know personally this conflict, as like you, it's a never ending educational process.
We already know that business, and people won't do anything without proper incentives. Now I will agree that the ones making the regulations should be as qualified as they want us to be for sure.
But I am not for banks and businesses making the rules at all, input yes, full control NO! We have seen how that works.