If a car was on a "hypothetical" treadmill going 100 MPH, and treadmill was going 100 MPH, it would sit still.
If a jet was on a runway and treadmill was going 100 miles an hour, jet would move forward and take off, the wheel if hooked to wheel driven speedometer would show more than 100 MPH as Jet would move forward and take off. The wheels spin free.
I believe plane would take off.