I owe back federal taxes of approximately $13,000.00. I have a back payment of approximately $20.000.00 coming from Social Security Disability. How much money will the IRS keep of this money if any, and will they notify me before hand

Yes they can and they most likely will notify you within the prior month.

I agree. The IRS considers the award of back Social Security payments a windfall which will not be considered part of your base maintenance income and thus subject to attachment to satisfy back taxes.

Im suppose to receive$ 24,000 in back social security disability back pay but owe the government over $50000 in back taxes will I receive all of my back pay or a % of it

They MAY take it all; a phone call to the IRS will get you an answer.

If you show a real NEED for the income, you may get some of it.