Hello:
One of the characteristiscs of the electric current used in major aircraft is its frequency: 400+/- 10 Hz. What happens if I connect any device that uses 60 Hz like cellphones battery chargersk? Is this bad for the component?

Do you mean plug a device into electricity on the aircraft? It's pretty much a non-issue as in most aircraft you do not have access to plug anything in.

If I misunderstood your question, please clarify.

I mean for example the electric sockets in the galleys generally used to connect vacuum cleaners for the floor carpet. What happen if I connect,for example, my cellphone battery charger or any electric device that works with 60hz, this will cause damage to such equipments.

Thanks for you time.

Those receptacles are 110/60Hz.

Galley recepticles are typically powered by an inverter, which converts the ship power to a power suitable for the intended load.