Ballistics/Rifling (gr. Ba'llein, "throw") is the science that deals with the motion, behavior, and effects of projectiles, especially bullets, gravity bombs, rockets, or the like; the science or art of designing and hurling projectiles so as to achieve a desired performance
The first firearms evidence identification can be traced back to England in 1835 when the unique markings on a bullet taken from a victim were matched with a bullet mold belonging to the suspect. When confronted with the damning evidence, the suspect confessed to the crime.
Most scientists in the crime labs will have a masters degree in the field, some will have a BS degree as a helper in a department
Seldom have to testify, since in most cases their written report is merely entered into evidence, only in trials where the accused has a lot of money to try and fight evidence will they normally have to come in
Most crime labs will do ballistic studies, some may have a specific department
Most murder investigations are never solved. Many crime labs have up to a 6 month back log on a lot of evidence work.
The reliability of ballistics will depend on how good the evidence is, sometimes it can not match a specific gun, only a type of gun, So the quality of the evidence is the main issues. If it is a perfect match, then the attorneys look at attacking the chain of evidence,
Both DNA and ballistics are accepted completely in court, for those those that can afford alotof tests and expert witness, you attack the quality of the evidence and the methods used to test.
You merely track ballistics back to a weapon, the detectives using gun powder residue, or fingerprints or finding the gun in their possession, to place the weapon to the suspect
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