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Mar 21, 2008, 06:52 PM
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This is the language I talking about even if its not in the contract thanks for everybodys knowledge just trying to learn as much I can before I hire an attorney don't want to look like a idiot in person :
Contract for Deed
An Introduction to the Law Governing Contracts for Deed in Texas
By Ken East
NOTE: House Bill 1823 went into effect September 1, 2005, and, to some extent, supercedes the law outlined in the following article. Among other things, H.B. 1823 provides that much of the existing law governing contracts for deed will now also apply to “lease with option to buy” transactions. Also, the new law prohibits a seller from selling a house through a contract for deed if the property is encumbered by a preexisting lien, although there are some exceptions. For more details, please consult the text of H.B. 1823 or feel free to contact our office.
Subchapter D of Chapter 5 of the Texas Property Code governs contracts for deed and was greatly revised in 2001 when the governor signed Senate Bill 198 on June 13, 2001. The bill, prompted by tragic stories of contract for deed home buyers who lost everything following the tornado that struck Fort Worth on March 28, 2000, took effect September 1, 2001. This memo outlines the Property Code's major provisions with respect to contracts for deed.
I.
APPLICATION
The still relatively new law applies to transactions “involving an executory contact for conveyance of real property” used or to be used as the purchaser's or purchaser's relative's residence. The law cannot be waived except by purchasers who are related to the seller. The statute contains no definition of “executory contract for conveyance of real property,” but the House Research Organization's bill analysis states, “An executory contract is a contract in which one of the parties promises to perform some future act, such as pay an amount of money or purchase a piece of land. One form of an executory contract is a contract for deed, which is an agreement between a buyer and seller of land, in which the seller keeps the title and all rights to the land until the customer pays the land's price in full.”
II.
SUBSTANTIVE RIGHTS GIVEN TO PURCHASERS
In addition to the numerous notice and disclosure provisions discussed below, purchasers are afforded a number of substantive rights by the new legislation.
A. Fourteen-day cancellation period. Purchasers have a right to rescind and cancel the contract for any reason up to fourteen days after the date of the contract. If a purchaser exercises his or her right to cancel, the Seller must refund all money and cancel any security interest arising out of the contract.
B. 30-Day Cure Periods. Purchasers may avoid the seller's remedies of rescission or of forfeiture and acceleration by complying with the terms of the contract on or before the 30th day after the date the seller gives notice of default. (Note: 60-Day Cure Periods may still apply to any contracts entered into between September 1, 2001, and September 1, 2003.)
C. Equity Protection. Sellers may not enforce remedies of rescission or of forfeiture and cceleration against a purchaser who defaults after having paid 40 percent or more of the amount due or the equivalent of 48 monthly payments. In such cases, the seller may appoint a trustee to sell the purchaser's interest in the property at public auction pursuant to the provisions of section 5.066.
D. Foreign Language Requirement. All documents are to be in the language used by the parties during pre-contract negotiations.
E. Insurance. Insureds (sellers) are required to inform their insurers, within 10 days of obtaining coverage or entering in to an executory contract on the covered property, of the existence of the executory contract and the term of the contract and the name and address of the other party to the contract. Thereafter, the insurer shall disburse all proceeds to the purchaser and seller, jointly, and such proceeds shall be used to repair, remedy, or improve the subject property.
F. Title Transfer. The seller shall transfer title to the property to the purchaser within 30
Days of the seller receiving the purchaser's final payment. Failure to do so subjects the seller to liquidated damages of $250 per day up do 90 days after final payments and $500 per day thereafter, and reasonable attorney fees.
G. Limit on late fees. The contract may not contain a term that imposes an additional late-
Payment fee that exceeds the lesser of (1) 8% of the monthly payment, or (2) the actual
Administrative cost of processing the late payment.
H. Right to pledge property interest. The contract may not contain a term that prohibits the
Purchaser from pledging the purchaser's interest in the property to obtain a loan to improve the property.
I. No prepayment penalties. The contract may not contain a term that imposes a repayment
Or any similar fee if the purchaser elects to pay the entire amount due under the contract before the scheduled payment date under the contract.
III.
NOTICES
A major aspect of the new law involves notices and disclosures sellers will be required to
Deliver to purchasers.
A. Pre-Contract Disclosures. Prior to the purchaser signing the contract, the seller must
Provide a number of disclosure documents.
1. Property Condition Disclosures. Failure to provide any of these disclosures
Constitutes a DTPA violation and entitles the purchaser to cancel and rescind the contract and receive a full refund of all payments made to the seller.
a. Survey. A survey, which must have been completed within the past year, or plat of a current survey;
b. Encumbrances. Legible copies of any documents describing any encumbrance or other claim, such as deed restrictions or easements;
c. Seller's Disclosure. A property condition disclosure statement in the form promulgated by the statute;
d. Utilities. If the property is not in a recorded subdivision, a disclosure regarding utilities; and
e. Advertisements. If the seller advertises the property, the advertisement must disclose information regarding the availability of water, sewer and electric service.
2. Tax and Insurance Disclosures. Failure to provide any of these disclosures
Constitutes a DTPA violation and entitles the purchaser to cancel and rescind the contract and receive a full refund of all payments made to the seller.
a. Tax Certificate from the collector for each taxing unit that collects taxes on the property;
b. Insurance. A legible copy of any insurance policy, binder, or other evidence indicating:
I. names of insurer and insured;
ii. description of the property insured; and
iii. the amount for which the property is insured.
3. Financing Terms. The seller must provide a written statement disclosing the
Following:
a. Purchase price;
b. Interest rate;
c. Dollar amount of the interest to be charged for the term of the contract;
d. Total principal and interest to be paid under the contract;
e. The late charges, if any, that may be assessed under the contract; and
f. A statement of the fact that the seller may not charge a prepayment penalty or any similar fee.
B. Disclosures to be given in, or contemporaneous with signing, the contract.
1. Oral Agreements Prohibited. In the contract itself or in a separate document, the
Seller shall include a statement, printed in 14-point uppercase or 14-point boldfaced type, in the statutorily-prescribed form, including signature blocks for both purchaser and seller, advising of the fact that the contract must be in writing and cannot be altered by oral agreements. Failure to do so constitutes a DTPA violation and entitles the purchaser to cancel and rescind the contract and receive a full refund of all payments made to the seller.
2. Right to Cancel - Notice. In the contract itself, in immediate proximity to the space reserved for the purchaser's signature, the seller shall include a statement, printed in 14-point uppercase or 14-point boldfaced type, in the statutorily-prescribed form, advising the purchaser of his or her right to cancel the contract at any time within the following two weeks.
3. Right to Cancel - Form. When the purchaser signs the contract, the seller shall
Provide the purchaser a statutorily-prescribed form with instructions he or she can use to cancel the contract in the following two week period.
C. Post-Contract Disclosures.
1. Annual Accounting Statement. In January of each year, the seller shall provide
The purchaser a written statement containing the following information (failure to do so entitles the purchaser to liquidated damages of $250 per day for each day past January 31 and reasonable attorney fees):
a. the amount paid under the contract;
b. the remaining amount owed under the contract;
c. the number of payments remaining under the contract;
d. the amounts paid to taxing authorities on the purchaser's behalf if collected by the seller;
e. the amounts paid to insure the property on the purchaser's behalf if collected by the seller;
f. if the property has been damaged and the seller has received insurance proceeds, an accounting of the proceeds applied to the property; and
g. if the seller has changed insurance coverage, a legible copy of the current policy, binder or other evidence that satisfies the requirements of Section 5.070(a)(2).
2. Notices of Default. The sections dealing with notices of default are poorly drafted and are confusing. They seem to require some redundancy in the notices. Generally, a seller's notices of default must be in writing, printed in 14-point uppercase or 14-point boldfaced type, and must be delivered to the purchaser by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested.
a. On “a separate page,” the seller must provide the following notice:
NOTICE YOU ARE NOT COMPLYING WITH THE TERMS OF THE CONTRACT TO BUY YOUR PROPERTY. UNLESS YOU TAKE THE ACTION SPECIFIED IN THIS NOTICE BY (date) THE SELLER HAS THE RIGHT TO TAKE POSSESSION OF YOUR PROPERTY.
The notice must also:
(1) identify and explain the remedy the seller intends to enforce;
(2) if the purchaser has failed to make a timely payment, specify:
(A) the delinquent amount, itemized into principal and interest;
(B) any additional charges claimed, such as late charges or attorney's fees; and
(C) the period to which the delinquency and additional charges relate; and
(3) if the purchaser has failed to comply with a term of the contract, identify the term violated and the action required to cure the violation.
b. In addition to the foregoing notice, a seller desiring to enforce a remedy
of rescission or of forfeiture and acceleration must give notice of
(1) the seller's “intent to enforce such a remedy under [section
5.064.]”; and
(2) the purchaser's right to cure the default within the 60 day period described by section 5.065.
c. Equity Protection. Note that different notices and procedures, including
A 60-day notice of default, a 21-day notice of sale, and a trustee's public auction, apply if the purchaser has made 48 monthly payments or has paid 40 percent or more of the amount due under the contract. See § 5.066 and Tex. Prop. Code § 51.002.
IV.
RECORDING
The Contract with the Property Disclosure Statement attached must be recorded with county clerk on or before the 30th day after the contract is executed. If the contract is terminated for any reason, record the instrument that terminates the contract with the county clerk.
V.
EFFECTIVE DATES
The default and cure provisions of the act take effect with regard to all purchasers who default on or after September 1, 2001, regardless of when the contract was entered into.
The pre-contract notice provisions apply only to transactions whose negotiations begin on or after September 1, 2001.
The recording requirements, the limitations on contract terms, and the purchaser's right to cancel apply only to contracts entered into on or after September 1, 2001.
The annual accounting statements and title transfer requirements apply to all contracts, regardless of when they were entered into.
The insurance provisions apply to all contracts, regardless of when they were entered into, and the notice to insurers required by section 5.078 must be delivered no later than January 1, 2002.
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