I just need to know the formulas in order to solve the following questions because my teacher gave me a review on everything but I don't know the formulas at all. I know how to solve the questions though. I did them before but I just need the formulas in order to solve them... I forgot them.

The questions are:

1) What volume of a 17.4 mol/L acetic acid stock solution is required to make 2.0 L of a 1.5 mol/l acetic acid solution
2) Determine the volume of a balloon at STP assuming that it occupies a volume of 7.75 L at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 125 kPa.
3) A pressure reading of 275 kPa is found when the temperature of air in a piston is 35 degrees Celsius and the volume is 2.5 L. What will the temp. reading be, in degrees Celsius, if the volume doubles and the pressure becomes 100 kPa?
4)Black gunpower stored in a barrel has been ignited and 1245g of KNO3 (s) are formed in the exploding mixture. What will the total volume be of all gases produced in this explosive at a temp. of 350 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 2000 kPa?
KNO3 (s) + C(s) + S8 (s) --> N2(g) + CO2(g) + K2S8 (s)

Thanks