Both judges admitted to Grassley that their staff used generative AI to draft error-ridden orders. These orders misquoted state law, referenced individuals who didn’t appear in the case and attributed fake quotes to defendants, among other significant inaccuracies.

But for progressive thinkers like Wilson and other advocates of the administrative state, government’s inherent constraints and divided authorities were threats to the goals of efficiency and progress. The evolution of American society between the founding and the turn of the 20th century required a new mission statement for government, beyond securing individual liberties.
Instead, unelected bureaucrats would replace politicians in determining broad ranging regulations, free from democratic oversight or political interference. Over time, a complete lack of accountability from the courts and further enablement by Congress have allowed federal entities with “quasi-legislative” and “quasi-judicial” powers to subvert constitutional principles and exert inordinate influence in the lives of citizens with minimal recourse.
The Constitution explicitly outlines the roles and responsibilities of each branch and directly forbids delegating respective powers to each other or subsequent public bodies. Article I of the Constitution invests the powers of policy making in the body of Congress and Congress alone. Despite this constitutional charge, Congress has consistently delegated its legislative authority to administrative bodies with limited Congressional oversight and no direct public accountability. Congress has evaded constitutional parameters by passing vague, aspirational statutes qualified by “intelligible principles” that theoretically limit administrative discretion. In reality, the courts have rarely challenged weak, open Congressional guidelines that empower administrative agencies and defer to expert interpretations in creating public policies.
The courts have enabled federal agencies to not only essentially create laws but interpret them as well. Despite Article III’s grant of judicial authority in “one supreme court” and “Congressionally established inferior courts” administrative judges and officers now exercise the authorities of judge and jury.

Barring evidence of executive actions taken during the Biden presidency showing that President Biden indeed took a particular executive action, the Committee deems those actions taken through use of the autopen as void. The validity of the executive actions allegedly approved and signed (largely by autopen) by President Biden must be reviewed to determine whether legal action is necessary to ameliorate consequences of any illegitimate pardons granted, or executive actions implemented, throughout the Biden Autopen Presidency. The Committee finds numerous executive actions—particularly clemency actions—taken during the Biden Administration were illegitimate.

But for progressive thinkers like Wilson and other advocates of the administrative state, government’s inherent constraints and divided authorities were threats to the goals of efficiency and progress. The evolution of American society between the founding and the turn of the 20th century required a new mission statement for government, beyond securing individual liberties.