We've been married for almost 2 years but been together over 4 years. I supported him while he was in prison for at least a couple of years. I have receipts and he even signed a couples agreement that if we split within 3 years of his release he'd have to pay me $5000 a year for every year I supported him, the only thing it's not notarized. Do I have any chance of recouping what I put into him??

You may be able to get a judgment based on the agreement he signed. However, does he realistically have the means to pay? If not, then any such judgment wouldn't be worth the paper it's written on. When a couple divorces, typically the one with the higher income pays spousal support to the one with the lower income.