You examine the prime factors. Select the factors that are the same in both cases. If a factor occurs twice or more times, then select the number of factors that occur the same number of times for both values. Then, multiply the common factors together.
For example, pick two numbers: 840 and 1260
840 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 7
1260 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 7
"2" appears as a factor three times in the first group and twice in the second. Thus, there are TWO 2's in common.
"3" appears once in common
"5" and "7" appear once in common
Thus, the common factor is 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 7 = 420.
420 is a factor of both 1260 and 840, and because of the way we determined it, we can be assured that there is no larger common factor. Therefore, it is the greatest common factor. QED
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