YOu did not state where you are at, Iraq? Mexico? The USA?
I will say first each state has its own regulations that change almost monthy as to health and safety issues. There should be state approved hour and wage posters along with a workers comp poster on the wall in your work place. These normally state requirements for an accident.
In general, ( very general) unless there is a reportable INJURY not accident there is no need for a report. And in some areas this injury would be one that required medical treatment beyond a band aid or a over the counter pain pill.
Now a lot of businesses want you to report any accident and tell employees to do so.
As for as insurance, in the US, a business is not required to have workers comp though an insurance company, but if they don't they are still legally liable but have to pay the bills for any injury. So if this girl had asked to go to the doctor or hospital, they would have to let her go and they would have had to pay the bill.
Also an employee can always contact the workers comp board of their state and file an accident report directly with them if there is an reportable injury ( requireing medical attention)
So basically if an employee gets hurt, and the employor does not have insurance and will not pay the hospital bill, they file a claim with the workers comp board, they have a hearing and normally order him ( court order) to pay the bill.
Of course the real risk is a major accident, lets say they loose an arm, or a grease fire burns 80 percent of their body and there is 200,00 dollars in medical bills. The business goes bankrupt since they can't pay and no one pays the medical bills, leaving the person in the hospital with all the bills since the business can't pay and goes broke. It happens every year.
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