Someone tried to break into through the window,the weird thing is that the outside showed no damage,but the inside shattered.Can someone give me a scientific explanation for this, with proof?

Assuming this is a double pane window, are you sure a break in attempt, and how do you know that?

A simple Google search will show that it is actually common for some double pane windows to have the inside window crack or break due to stress cracks or environmental changes. Thus the reason why most of the larger window groups give long warranties. Some have been known just to crack all by theirself after several years of age.

I know it was break in a attempt because there was a broken broom outside my door when the cops came.

I would guess the inside glass was more brittle, could be outside glass was more flexible due to being warmer(exposed to the outside)?

Glass can have nickel sulfide inclusions, actually tiny invisible to the eye 'rocks' that grow with age and weaken the glass. The outer pane might have had fewer or none, and the inner one more.
There's probably a bunch of reasons that only an expert could diagnose upon seeing the entire window, undisturbed after the break.
Maybe the seal around the outside was softer and absorbed shock that transferred to the inner (similar to what Stratmando said).
If you have problems with police or insurance, contact the manufacturer, if you can find it in the corner of the window.