I love programming, I have bought many programming books (mostly C++) and have practiced a bunch online on various IDE's and websites such as sololearn.com and even worked as a software developer for a day.

Despite all that I still have questions about how programmers work, what are they supposed to know about the programming languages?
Are they expected to know all the complex stuff behind the IDE they work with?
What if they have questions themselves?
Are they required to know more than one programming language?

Yep, they need to have a thorough knowledge of the languages they're working with. Very few self taught people are prepared for anything but hobbiest type work. The few that are would, would be actual prodigies.

If you want to work in this field, get the actual schooling for it and the degree.

I spent many years around programmers from about 1980 onward, and can tell you that it's like singing - some are absolutely terrible, and a FEW are true geniuses. Most are in between. They get the job done, but not without irritating mistakes that you and I run into every time we try to buy something or pay a bill or register a car. The boring jobs get the mediocre programmers.

The geniuses don't really need much training. The average programmer does.

Have you tried the all free online Kahn Academy?

I have to agree with above excellent people. My son lives and works in the Netherlands; after living and working in Germany. He is an excellent programmer and IT consultant and worked very hard to learn, train, whatever it took, to be excellent in his field. He is Canadian by the way. Had to get that in folks ! He didn't come from a well off family, but we did the best we could for him, because we knew what he wanted to achieve.

If you have a feel for this type of work, then do all you can, learn all you can to achieve excellence in what you want to do.

Here is the thing. Most programmers are not stand alone people. They work within a team. Most programs require being split in order to write it. So your really dealing with a section and not the entire thing until you assemble it. How to questions are frowned upon because you are already suppose to know what your doing.

As a Developer, you don't need to have memorized all the syntax of the language you work with or all the features of the IDE you work with. But you do need to understand all the concepts and know where to get the answers for the things you don't have memorized. For example, I am constantly looking up the syntax for functions I need.

It depends on the job, most programmers are expert in one language but may know several.

The languages are the easy part it is the actual concepts behind programming that required and difficult to learn. Learning them requires many, many, many years of study. It can be learned outside of a school, but it will take a while to learn all the concepts.

The thing with programming is that there's a million ways to do accomplish a single goal. The quality of the programmer will determine how good the solution is. There are a lot of subtle mistakes that can be made.

Good luck.