My ten week old puppy was given a thin but long piece of beefhide and swallowed it after about 20-30 minutes of chewing on it. I am pretty sure that it was still quite big when it went down. Two hours later he vomitted. Should I take him to a vet? Is there anything they can even do? Or will he be able to pass it since it is so thin?

This is a serious problem. Rawhide swells, quickly enlarging to where it causes blockages. If he is vomiting, likely it means it is now blocking the digestive tract somewhere. Yes call the vet, now. Over the phone, the vet can determine how soon something must be done, in many cases, surgery.

I have tried to dig up figures on how many dogs die or have serious treatment due to rawhide. I don't trust any of the consumable treats either. There is a big class action going on over the popular Greenies. Many people give their dogs such treats with no problems, but I never risk mine. No dog ever died for lack of rawhide chews.

When DocWill posts, follow his instructions exactly. Perhaps he can even steer me to some good numbers on this problem.

When this crisis is over, check out https://www.askmehelpdesk.com/dogs/information-articles-our-dogs-expert-labman-53153.html#post251802

Raw hide chew toys and pig ears. :( If I was to guess would have to say they are the most common items that causes obstructions.Havent met to many puppies that don't like um, haven't met to many Vets that do like um. If in fact the entire amount was returned to you via vomit. I am not overly concerned. If he didn't vomit it back up, he needs a trip to the vet in the morning to find out where it is. This should be a wake up call, and I really hope it teaches you that this and many chewable items like it can be a surgical matter very easily. You have all heard me preach enough now about smaller the dog bigger the problem. This is one more example of that doesn't take much to plug up your new fluffy friend. Keep in mind puppies are no more than infants with 2 extra legs they don't know unless you teach them. If the little puppy can't hold down food, or water after this. He needs a trip to the vet and explain what has happened, so they can also tell you about raw hide, and pig ears. The cost of x-rays and possibility of removal.I am not mad or upset with you, because basically the reason I have a nice condo an BMW is pet owners haven't been to 4 legged puppy disaster school. Good luck!
Lets all sing the nylabone jingle shall we?