Why does it say in this book 'a history of europe' " in what is called the upper paleolithic the period down to the close of the last ice age"? I don't get this. Why does it say, " in what is called the upper paleolithic, THE PERIOD DOWN TO THE CLOSE OF THE ICE AGE, humans living in Europe were >>>ALREADY<<< physiologically distinctive......
and this part where it says>>> " Cultural and technological influences come second only to the genetic in making possible successful survival and a growing mastery of nature. Homo sapiens all round the world mastered and passed down from generation to generation many important skills >>> ****ALREADY DISCOVERED**** and much refined ****EVEN BEFORE THE LAST ICE AGE BEGAN**** EDIT: I don't think this is inappropriate. I need to know the meaning/context.

Why does it say this? Because that's the history.

What part are you having trouble understanding?


in what is called the upper paleolithic, THE PERIOD DOWN TO THE CLOSE OF THE ICE AGE, humans living in Europe were >>>ALREADY<<< physiologically distinctive......

First thing to do is look up the meaning of paleolithic. It will describe what they mean. After looking that up, what do you think they mean when they say that humans living in Europe were already physiologically distinctive?


Cultural and technological influences come second only to the genetic in making possible successful survival and a growing mastery of nature. Homo sapiens all round the world mastered and passed down from generation to generation many important skills >>> ****ALREADY DISCOVERED**** and much refined ****EVEN BEFORE THE LAST ICE AGE BEGAN

First, I really hope that you didn't copy the book exactly. If you did, what's with all the arrows, and all the uppercase writing? Very poorly written if this is how it was written in the book.

Break this down.

What are genetics? What are cultural and technological influences? Why are genetics more important in this case? You learn how to live based on how you live, and you learn to adapt and survive. That's a hint.

So, do you know what Homo sapiens are? They passed down their knowledge to future generations, and because all humans grow, and explore, and learn to do things better, they learned how to improve the skills they already knew.

Break down everything, look up the words you don't understand, and then apply it to what's written. I've given you a lot of hints, but I won't do the work for you, you have to do it.