I was installing a new ceiling fan and in doing so mistakenly connected the wrong wires. When I turned the power back on, I blew the switch on the wall. Assuming the switch was blown, I installed a new switch but the light fixture still won't come on. All other lights in the room work except the ceiling. Is something else wrong?

Well, switches really do not "blow". They'll even survive through short circuits like you caused.
At this point there is no way to tell what is wrong. You'll need to check boxes on this circuit to see if a connection, slice or other failed.

"Blew the switch on the wall" did it trip the breaker too?