If a vehicle was charged off and I was awarded it in a divorce, do I have to pay the past due charges of the loan?

Yes, I'm almost all cases you do have to pay the due charges on the loan :/

Yes "charged off" is merely an accounting term, for tax purposes of the loan company,
The full amount of the loan is still due, plus late fees and penalties.

You will have to follow the court rules, but normally you now have the debt also.