I'm a student from Thailand with J-1 visa
I working in the harrah rincon casino
I have pay the federal tax 1,873
State income tax 273
And CASdi 169
Is it possible to claim casdi in the 1040 form?

No, you cannot get a refund of SDI. But SDI counts as state income tax, so if you itemize deductions, you can deduct 273 + 169 in state income tax.