I live in Florid, how long can the my child's father go without seeing him before I can file abandonment charges?

About 18 years.

First abandonment is not something that you "file" and the law varies by state in the US, For example in Georgia abandonment is merely not paying your child support and is filed by the state as a criminal charge.

If you are wishing to use it as a civil reason to change custody, that is different, and still not something you file, it is merely something that is used as a reason to change visitation or custody agreements.

Please read https://www.askmehelpdesk.com/family-law/child-abandonment-read-first-364259.html

Then tell us what you really want.