What does cost of goods sold as a percentage of accounting mean?

What does a company's dividends mean?

How do we decide which company to loan money to based on their ratio?

Based on a company's ratio how do we decide whether we should invest on them or not?

How do we determine which company is more efficient on its payment of accounts payable based on the ratio?

You can find almost any answers on this book Accounting What numbers mean "7ed " by McGraw Hill