I've been told that our main earth wire was not suitably connected to the earth electrode and I could face fines if not addressed urgently.

When I checked it out, I saw a metal rod (assume that this was the earth electrode), and twisted around it was the main earth wire (at least, that's what I think). I've been told that a suitable clamp was not used.

When I called the electricians, they laughed and said 'do it yourself', as it's just a simple job. (they actually refused to come out because it was going to be too easy!! )

So, here are my questions:
What kind of clamp do I need to get?
Do I need to cover the rod and the wire? (currently, the metal parts are exposed)

Thanking you in advance!

See this post by our resident senior expert:

https://www.askmehelpdesk.com/electrical-lighting/ground-rod-height-110964.html

I don't agree with the laughing electricians. This could be a potential dangerous job if not done correctly.

You must:
1.Turn off your main breaker
2. Never let the ground loose (use a safety until operation is complete)
3. Insulate yourself from the rod (rated gloves) when working on it.
4. Disconnect the CATV connector at the demarcation point.

#2 is the most important.

You spoke to some stupid electricians.

This is why even good electrician are bad business men.

I would be glad to visit, do a quick job, and charge a service call.

While I was there thou, I would be looking everything over, looking for other potential problems, so you would get your money's worth.

They not only missed on a service charge, they lost a potential long term customer.

Here is a photo of a clamp called an Acorn clamp, often used to connect a ground wire to a ground rod.