If you married and qualified to file separately for a New York tax return, but filing jointly on the federal tax return, how do you calculate the Federal tax return information? Do you calculate the NYS resident's information as you would a Federal married filing separately return (with allowances for the federal adjustments to income)?

Thank you!!

I just got married and my spouse owes taxes. If I file separately can I penalized for his back taxes

Negative. The taxes incurred before the marriage are HIS taxes and HIS obligation.

As long as you file Married Filing Separately, it will stay that way.