As a non US citizen with a deceased spouse, how do I find out if the insurance money that I get is taxed through the estate tax?

I know that if the amount I receive from the spouse exceeds 2,000,000 then it is subject to a 45% estate tax.

Do my spouses different life insurance policies through their employer get treated any differently then policies they took out on their own?

If the insurance policy has the ESTATE listed as the benficiary, then estate taxes may be assesed.

If YOU are the primary or secondary beneficiary of the insurance policy (be it employer-based or individually-owned), then there are NO estate or income tax liability at all.

If inheriting from out of the country do you have to pay taxes,when the money is in an account beloning to you out of the country? When transferring the money to the U.S. is there taxes to be taken care of?

You do NOT have to pay taxes, but you may be required to explain from where the money came.

The bank can help you with that process.