What is the proper way to check the heating elements and thermostats on a waterheater?

This probably isn't the answer you are looking for, but, I just check the temp at all the faucets with a cook's thermometer. If it comes out of the faucet at 110 f then the tank is set around 120 f.

what is the proper way to check the heating elements and thermostats on a waterheater?
There are several ways to check elements. With the power off check the elements with a Ohm Meter. If you get no reading then the element's bad. **or** you can leave the power off while you unhook one terminal and then turn the power back on and check the open side of the element back to ground with a AC voltmeter. If there's no reading the element's bad and must be replaced. USE EXTREME CAUTION if you use this method. This appliance uses 220 volts and getting shocked with 220 could spoil your whole day. The stats can be checked with a ohm meter or, since they are so cheap, simply replaced. Good luck, Tom