I would like to know if there is a difference between buckling and cupping and what causes both.

Buckling is when the 2 opposing pieces are too tight and rise in the middle of them.

Cupping is where the underside isn't supported correctly/nailed right,and the middle of an individual piece is lower than the edges.

For laminated flooring this a problem either in the underside having imperfections(sub-flooring not attached correctly and bucking up) or attached too deeply(cupping the new floor above due to no support for the new surface)

Ken

Buckling is when the floor is installed to tight and as the floor tries to move it can't cause it to buckle.
Cupping is what happens to wood as it dries out

To recap, buckling fixable, cupping replacable