The electron affinity of nitrogen is a +7 while those for carbon and oxygen are -122 and -141 kJ/mol, respectively. Why is it even reasonable to suggest nitrogen having a positive electron affinity with carbon and oxygen having negative electron affinities? Please fully explain.

If you place aluminum triflouride into a solution of HF, which is a weak acid, you find that the pH decreases significantly (i.e. the concentration of hydrogen ion increases) as compared to the same concentration of HF alone. Explain this observation. Remember HF is a relatively weak acid.

You take a 30.00 g ice cube (temperature -20 degrees C) and place it in 245.00 g of water at 22 degrees C. What will the temperature of the water be when the ice cube has just melted? Assume the specific heat capacity for ice and water is 4.184 J/K*g. If you then heat the water from this temperature to 80 degrees Celsius by burning methane (Delta H rxn= -890.31 kJ/mol), how many grams of methane would you have to use?

The electron affinity, or EA, of nitrogen is +7 because of is electron configuration, which is [He] 2s2 2p3. Nitrogen, as a neutral atom has a half-filled p-orbital, and by Hund's Rule, that means that each p-orbital has 1 unpaired electron. In the same way that a completely filled orbital is especially stable (like the noble gases), a half-filled orbital is also extra stable. So adding 1 electron to nitrogen destabilizes it because it loses this half-filled shell when you add an extra electron.

You are on the Starship Enterperise and the person in charge of preparing the weapons that are being used in a battle with the Klingons. You have found that your current photon torpedoes are not inflicting any damage on their space ship (i.e. there is no disruption of the ship's exterior structure). A photon torpedo has a mole of photons in it, all at the same energy. Your immediate superior suggests that all that has to be done is to put more photons into each torpedo. By doing this, the Klingon starship will be caused to explode, he states. Is your superior correct? If he is, why is he correct? If he is not correct, what would you do and how would you convince Captain Kirk that you are correct? You have to assume that such weapon exists.

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