I recently began seeing a new physician. The context is immaterial, but I received a voicemail from one of his employees, in which the employee threatened to try to reduce my academic standing at my current institution. This doesn't involve information about my physical or mental health, just general patient information (where I go to school). Would this qualify as a HIPAA violation, since he's trying to use personal information (which is associated with the rest of my patient information, I.e. Health info) to do me harm?

Not a HIPAA violation but it still may be illegal. For Consumers (http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/understanding/consumers/index.html) HIPAA covers health info not your personal data. What is this person threatening to say and to who? How would this info harm you? More details helps us to be more accurate