Does a single-outlet receptacle in a Kitchen splash meet code, as long as it's 20A, tamper-proof, GFCI protected? Max spacing? Distance (min & max) from sink or range?

It can be right next to a range, you need a minimum of 2 20 amp circuits with a maximum of 2 recepticles per circuit.
If you have a counter space larger than a foot, you need a receptacle.
Have frige on its own.