I work as a Uk based consultancy company and I invoice a Californian based company - I do not work from US at all but was a resident alien until 08/2010. Should I have received a 1099?

If you did the work for which the Form 1099 is based INSIDE the United States, then a Form 1099-MISC should be received.

If you did the work OUTSIDE of the United States, then NO Form 1099-MISC is required because your income is NOT subject to U.S. income taxes.

It is REALLY that simple.