I had a qualified electrition install the wiring in my shop. Everything works fine, but when I tried to use a 220v planer, the first time to use the 220, nothing happens. Can it be a new but bad circuit breaker?

Did you check to see if you have power at the plug and if you do then check if it goes to the planer. Also is there a protection breaker on the planer?

Can it be a new but bad circuit breaker?
Doubtful, but it may be installed wrong.
What brand panel is it? If it is GE then it is quite possible the breaker is in wrong.

If you have a tester check from line to line and see what the reading is. Then from each line to ground.