How can I figure out how to determine how many protons neutrons and electrons an element contains?

You look it up: Periodic table - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table)
http://www.ptable.com/

Yes, you find it in a periodic table. I hope you know what the numbers accompanying an element represent. They are the numbers which will tell you how much of each there is in each element. If you don't, post back.