I need to know, how energy is put into the battery case, is it a mineral or what? Please

I know they are made of
Acid.
Alkaline
Zinc chloride

Rayovac - Battery Wizard - How a Battery is Made (http://www.rayovac.com/wizard/battery_howmade.htm)

Some other chemistries:
Carbon zinc
Alkaline
Mercury
Zinc oxide
Lithium
Lithium-ion
Nickel metal hydride
Nickel cadmium
Lead acid

And of course
Lemons
Lemon Battery (http://hilaroad.com/camp/projects/lemon/lemon_battery.html)