The conventional model of differentiation is when a cell (stem cell) can develop into anther another cell typically be means of series of intermediate cell types. Each intermediate cell type has fewer choices in what it can become until; ultimately, the cell is committed to becoming 1 final / terminal / differentiated cell type. Think of a tree. The stem cell would be the trunk (stem) & the end of each branch would be a differentiated cell type.
Transdifferentiation is when a cell jumps from one branch to another. In the conventional model this doesn’t happen. Differentiation occurs when a cell can no longer form both cell types.
So does it happen naturally? I don’t know
Could a cell be bioengineered to transdifferentiate? Possibly
Ultimately, could a cell be engineered to produce all cell types?
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