Hi Maria...
When you turned the shutoff back on there was probably some sediment or the remains of the old washer that got released and it plugged up the fill valve to your toilet.
I would have you shut the water off again (whatever it takes to make it a trickle again) and then PUSH down on the top of the fill valve and rotate the
CAP (see picture) counterclockwise until the cap loosens and can be pulled up and off to the side. The
ARM (see picture) will also come with the cap, so just rotate all this to the side.
Then you will want to lift the
black neoprene washer (see picture) that is present...at this time
PULSE the water on for a second (do this a couple times) to clear the line of sediment/debris. Cover the valve with a towel or a cup while doing this..

After that you will clean the washer and then replace it back as you found it. Realign the cap and arm, push down a little harder on the cap and rotate it into place to lock it down.
Turn water on and see if that fixed it...let me know what happens.
If the parts in your tank don't look like my picture let me know and I can post a picture showing the parts for your tank. The principals will be the same...remove the cap (screws may be present) and clear the line of sediment, etc...
Back to you...
MARK