| You're referring to a PRV, pressure regulating valve and that's exactly what it does. Some water mains have the operating pressure set up high to maintain pressure in the outlaying areas. However, this puts the pressure in the homes closer to the pumping station too high for household use. A PRV is installed to lower the pressure coming in from the main to a usable one. Contrary to popular belief a PRV will mot increase your pressure, only lower it. It's like having a valve and only opening it a little ways to lower the ammount of water.
Regards, Tom | 
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