| Well, it is unrealized. A gain/loss is never realized until you actually get it (or lose it) by selling it.
As for this year only, or to date.... Let's say you bought a security for $10,000. At the end of the year it is worth $11,000. So you would debit your market adjustment account and credit the unrealized gain.
At the end of a second year, the security is worth $12,500. The entry to make is to get the book value of this security up to $12,500. Prior to your entry the book value is $11,000. So your entry needs to consist of a $1500 debit to the market adjustment account and credit to the unrealized gain. The gain is the current year only of $1500. But how much is in the market adjustment account? Just that year's gain, or the whole thing to date? | 
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