You've wired it, theoretically, correct. But the thing is, since there is not a separate switch for the fan, we dont know what the black wire connects to. It could be on a another circuit or simply not connected. OR it could be connected and there is something wrong with the fan-- a volt meter will discover this one.
Try this. To confirm the problem is not the fan, wire both the black and the striped wire from the fan to the ceiling's black wire. If the fan and/or light now works, the problem is with the fan. More than likely it will not.
So you can determine what the black wire is (supposed to be) connected to, or, just connect both the black and striped wire from the fan to the red wire, and have them both controlled by the switch.
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