2 main categories of road construction

1. New construction (brand new road through virgin territory including new bridges)
2. Widening (add more capacity to an existing road including bridge widening))
3. Rehabilitaion (bringing an old road up to current standards and rideability)
4 Resurfacing or Overlay (installing a new and better (hopefully) riding surface)
5. Patching (Improve rideability by repairing rough/failed areas
6. Bridge Replacement
7. Bridge Deck Replacement
8. Misc (Culvert replacement, traffic Signals, Line painting, guide rail install/replace, signs)
Much of the work seen along roadways (or blocking lanes) is actually work by utilities to maintain their lines or developers installing extra capacity because of the development)