hi guys, it is my understanding that DNA is composed on tandem repeats and interspersed repetative elements which account for over 90 percent ( i cant remember the exact number) of the DNA. this percent is basically junk DNA or non-coding DNA. therefore every time a cell divides, specifically during anaphase where the highly compact form of DNA is torn in half and produce two cells at the end of mitosis, does this mean the size of DNA actually gets smaller and does this lead to aging as well?

tickle

Mitosis, I believe, is splitting chromosones into two equal parts, right ? The two equal parts reimburse to an equal size, so are not smaller. So, no the DNA doesnt get smaller, it retains its original size, therefore, has nothing to do with aging.

templelane

During the cell cycle the cell replicates almost everything inside itself, organelles, the MTOC, and it's DNA. These chromosomes then condenses and pair together to form chromatid. These then line up on the metaphase plate (cell middle) and are pulled apart by the mitotic spindle. They are in theory exact replicas of each other (if not this causes problems like cancer). Each daughter cell should receive a full copy of the genome, with one of each chromosome. If it doesn't due to a fault in the division this can lead to aneploidy which is the wrong number of chromosomes in a cell which is caught causes cell death, if not can lead to cancers.

With aging I think you are getting confused with the telomeres. These are at the ends of the chromosomes and consist of repeats of DNA code (usually G), the protect the coding part of the DNA from damage by acting as a sacrificial buffer region. It may also form and interesting non Watson-Crick double helix structure. As the cells divide sometimes not all of this is replicated, or is damaged causing telomere shortening. You have and enzyme telomerase which is responsible for correcting this and maintaining this buffer zone of DNA.

Telomere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
If you have an academic log in look at this
Access : : Nature

In some immortal cancer cell lines telomerase is unregulated and it is thought this might be one of the reasons for the cell lines immortality. It is a hypothesis that telomerase activity and telomere length is somewhat related to aging.

You are right about the DNA it is made up of coding regions for proteins (cell machines), the genes and this is interspersed with non coding or 'junk' DNA., mostly made of tandem repeats.

However this view has been counter recently with some research pointing the 'junk' DNA does serve a purpose. It is more correctly known as satellite DNA. Some of it is promoter regions (gene traffic lights) and some areas encode for 'dead' proteins that no longer get transcribed (turned into proteins).
Tandemly Repeated (Satellite) DNA

I hope this helps, if you have any questions or want more detail just post back

jim556

yes, its mitosis. thanks for the help

jim556

thanks for the detailed answer templane. you are correct about the telomeres. Its just that my professor of a previous biology class a took last semester was lecturing about the centromeres, which if i remember correctly, he stated consisted of some of these noncoding regions. But a was a bit old though, perhaps that had something to do with it. just kidding. thanks again.

templelane

The centromeres are pretty interesting themselves. I've never studied them in detail though, I just read some passing information.

Unknown008

Anyways, if DNA went on dividing, there will be DNA of too little size after a certain time! And what is the smallest unit of DNA? Atoms (regardless of the protons, neutrons and electrons). I don't think that DNA may be composed of only one atom. Even if that was so, then atoms will divide infinitely, approaching so small size, which is of course, illogic as today, the size of our DNA are still the same size as long ago.