Dna molecule

DNA ( and RNA) are encoded with proteins or amino acids. Genetic codes are made up through the sequencing of amino acids and trinucleotides.

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DNA is a two-stranded molecule. Each strand is a polynucleotide composed of A (adenosine), T (thymidine), C (cytidine), and G (guanosine) residues polymerized by "dehydration" synthesis in linear chains with specific sequences. Each strand has polarity, such that the 5'-hydroxyl (or 5'-phospho) group of the first nucleotide begins the strand and the 3'-hydroxyl group of the final nucleotide ends the strand; accordingly, we say that this strand runs 5' to 3' ("Five prime to three prime") . It is also essential to know that the two strands of DNA run antiparallel such that one strand runs 5' -> 3' while the other one runs 3' -> 5'. At each nucleotide residue along the double-stranded DNA molecule, the nucleotides are complementary. That is, A forms two hydrogen-bonds with T; C forms three hydrogen bonds with G. In most cases the two-stranded, antiparallel, complementary DNA molecule folds to form a helical structure which resembles a spiral staircase. This is the reason why DNA has been referred to as the "Double Helix".



The DNA stores the genetic code in the form of nucleic acids, in a particular sequence.that is different in all individuals living on the face of the earth.so its not degraded any how it remains stored even years after years.

What is the function of a vector in genetic engineering?

A vector can be explained easily that it can ncorporate foriegn gene esily and can let it express and remains viable under favourable conditions.