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Questions 1 to 20: Select the best answer to each question.
1. What component is present in every part of a loop, such as one that involves proteins producing energetic molecules from sugar?
A. Raw materials
B. Energy release
C. Energy absorption
D. Information
2. If you're using an up-to-date light microscope to examine animal cells, you won't be able to detect
A. bacterial-size cell bodies.
B. the cell nucleus.
C. ribosomes.
D. cell membranes.
3. In a contest over territory, two male deer confront each other with antlers lowered and engage in butting heads until one of the two gets tired and wanders off into the forest. This sort of behavior can most accurately be thought of as
A. noncompetitive.
B. predatory.
C. cooperative.
D. selfish cooperation.
4. In ual reproduction, a line of genes on a DNA chain from a mother is paired with a matching chain from the father. In a baby that develops from the two gene contributors, the pairs of traits on its DNA will
A. no longer be related to those of the parents.
B. be the result of random matching errors.
C. result from recombining traits from the mother and father.
D. result from recombining the male traits around the female traits.
5. According to the first law of thermodynamics, _______ can't be created or destroyed.
A. sugar
B. matter
C. carbon
D. energy
6. Why is the rate at which mutations occur rather slow?
A. Cells monitor their DNA and correct errors they find.
B. Mutations usually occur in body cells, not in cells that become eggs and sperm.
C. Creatures with mutations are unable to reproduce.
D. Most mutations don't affect critical protein parts.
7. The unit of measurement that scientists use to determine the diameter of an animal cell is the
A. millimeter.
B. micrometer.
C. nanometer.
D. meter.
8. Which one of the following statements accurately describes an enzyme?
A. It causes chemical reactions to occur faster.
B. It's broken down into sugar as it performs its job.
C. It functions as a stabilizing molecule.
D. Its main job is to keep reluctant molecules separated.
9. If you were a plant that wanted to use sunlight to make glucose, which set of additional raw materials would you require?
A. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
B. Energy and water
C. Carbon dioxide and water
D. Oxygen and energy
10. When mitochondria burn sugar in the process called respiration, one of the by-products is
A. starch.
B. ATP.
C. chlorophyll.
D. glucose.
11. According to my hypothesis, bacteria that lived millions of years ago communicated by their body language. In scientific terms, the main problem with my hypothesis is that
A. it fails to explain the phrase body language.
B. it can't be disproved.
C. it may be false.
D. if it's proven, our knowledge of bacteria will be disproved.
12. If you were an organism, which one of the following would be your chief advantage of utilizing oxygen?
A. You're able to act as a fermenter.
B. You're able to produce the carbon dioxide needed by the body.
C. You're able to get rid of volatile hydrogen before it does harm.
D. You're able to produce energy in greater quantities.
13. Most of the fruits and vegetables you get from a supermarket are the product of
A. al mutations.
B. gene insertion via bacteria.
C. selective bacterial intrusions.
D. selective breeding.
14. The cells in your body are continuously disassembled and reassembled. Which one of the following kinds of body cells lasts longest–that is, turns over the least often?
A. Neurons
B. Liver cells
C. Skin cells
D. Intestinal cells
15. Because water has a relatively low viscosity, it will
A. become heavier as it freezes.
B. allow substances to diffuse through it.
C. have a low heat conductivity.
D. change temperature easily.
16. With respect to the four levels of comparative size presented in your text, which scale does a typical protein fall into?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
17. Genes produce instructions only for
A. regulating body processes.
B. making proteins.
C. building body parts.
D. creating new cells.
18. In bacteria-size mitochondria, both plant and animal cells produce _______, expelling _______ in that process.
A. glucose, water
B. glucose, oxygen
C. ATP, water
D. ATP, oxygen
19. If you're a fat molecule forming the inner layer of a cell membrane, your head will face toward
A. the watery environment outside the cell.
B. the watery environment inside the cell.
C. either the inside or the outside of the cell.
D. the protein pump in the cell.
20. I invented the basics of ual reproduction, getting around from place to place, and how to use energy from the Sun. Who am I?
A. Bacterium
B. Multicellular organism
C. Chain of DNA
D. Cooperating cell community
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