I have tried researching labor laws on scheduling. Several times at my job I have been scheduled for turn around shifts. Although the written schedule says 4:30pm to 12am we normally do not clock out until 1am. Then having my next shift from 6am to 2pm. Is there a law stating that there has to be (x) amount of hours in between shifts or otherwise be compensated for what I would consider to be overtime?

Overtime is generally not based on the number of hours you work per day but per week. So if you work over 40 hrs per week you should be entitled to overtime pay.

You are also entitled to an employee handbook which should break down the specifics of overtime pay at the company you work for.

What State? Some of this is Federal law. Some is State law.