First of all a 15 year old unit is about a 10 SEER unit. The higher efficiency units of 12 to 22 SEER are much newer so you might consider the replacement unit based on the future energy savings. Make sure they replace the inside coil and they will probably need a larger suction line for the higher SEER unit so my call is to replace the indoor coil with one that matches the outside unit and also replacing the line set. This way you will have a complete new system.
Now I have no idea how qualified your repair man was but I am going to mention this. When he checked your unit a few weeks ago the temperature could have been cooler. It is a very good possibility he over charged the unit with refrigerant/freon and now it is running high head pressure causing the breaker to trip.
I all my years of service work my service men and myself found many times that to many companies overcharge A/C units when the temperature is cooler only to have them fail to run properly when the temperature outside gets higher.
In order to check this you need tools you do not have and the knowledge to use them. The only thing you can do is have the same person check your unit out again to see if it is overcharged. I figure there should be some type of warranty since they were just out there a few weeks ago.
We offered free service calls on all repair work we did for a minimum of 30 days and if we replaced a part we covered the part for one year including free labor for replacing the part we just sold the customer.
Just for fun and a trick question for your repair man is to ask him if he uses superheat or subcooling to set the correct freon/refrigerant charge. If he does not know what you are talking about just tell him to leave because he does not know what he is doing.